History of computing equipment

Содержание и основные понятия

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The Tree of Evolution
History of computing equipment
From dice to quantum computers. The layers upstairs are eras; the arrows between the knots show how one idea gave rise to the next. The clicks on any device to open a detailed card.
A journey of 30,000 years
You're holding a smartphone in your hand.
tens of billions
He's counting
a billion times
It's faster than the first electronic computer that weighed 30 tons.
But it all started with a simple damn thing on the bone.
People always wanted to count faster, first to know how many sheep were in the flock, then to predict the eclipse, then they wanted to crack the enemy's cipher, and then to fly to the moon.
This module is a journey from a stick to a quantum computer; every invention is the answer to a question that couldn't be solved before.
Ready to walk the path that humanity has travelled?
Type of device
All
By line
All
- Iron
Programme
♪ Theory
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Evolution
Parallel
Impact
Succession
Evolution (direct development)
Parallel development
indirect impact
corporate line
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tree-data.json
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start.bat
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Systemically
What's a "bed" of a computer?
Computer history is divided by generations, not by years, but by years.
an elemental base
This is the main part on which the machine is built. The detail changes. Everything changes: size, speed, price, reliability. This is a favorite subject of the EGE and the EEG.
Generation
Years
Elementary framework
Speed
Size
Examples
I
1946–1957
Electronic lamps
Thousands of op/s
whole room, tens of tons
ENIAC, MEAs, UNIVAC
II
1958–1964
transistors
hundreds of thousands of ops/s
Several closets
TRADEIC, BECM-6, IBM 1401
III
1964–1971
Integrated circuits
Millions of ops/s
cabinet/ desk
IBM/360, EU computer, PDP-8
IV
1971 — Our Days
Microprocessors (BIS)
billions of op/s
From table to pocket
Intel 4004, IBM PC, smartphones
How the Media Changed
The Age
Programme holder / data
Principle
19th P.M.
perfocard, perfolent
hole = 1, no hole = 0
I-II good.
Lamp/ferritic memory, magnetic tape
Magnetic / No
III - IV Pocket
Magnetic disks, diskettes
Magnetic domains
Modernity
SSD, flash memory, cloud
charge in the transistor cell
Main trend
Smaller than ~ faster ~ cheaper ~ more accessible. A lamp the size of a fist turned into a transistor, which on one chip now is --
tens of billions
In 70 years, computers have become more powerful.
a billion times
and put them in their pocket.
♪ Check yourself ♪
Trainer
A random question about the history of computing technology: pick up the order, connect the pairs, find the extra or answer the question. For the correct answer, experience (XP). You can pull up all the new questions you want.