Information models

Содержание и основные понятия

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Alterna · Chapter 23 · page 23.1
Information models
What is a model, why it is needed and how the information model is different from the field model, for GEF/OPF.
Model
It's a simple representation of a real object, process, or event. A model needs to be studied when it's expensive, long or dangerous.
in-kind
(material) and
Information
(description) models.
GEF
PIF
EGE No. 1
01
What's a model?
Definition and purpose of modelling
GEF
Definition for GEF
Model
is a new object that reflects the essential properties of a real object, process, or event.
Modelling
- The process of modeling and research.
🎬
Animation: from object to model
REAL BACKGROUND
Living Tree
Simplifying
NATURAL
Bit of a makeup.
material
INFORMATION
Tree-family
A
B
C
Count / formula
data
TABLE
Type ♪ ♪ band ♪
Beröza ~ 15th ~ 20l
Oak ♪ 20th ♪ 80l
Pine ♪ 12 ♪ 45l ♪
Data table
rows+columns
Why do you need models?
No access
- Atom, distant star, core of cell: you can't touch the building model
Savings
- The building is cheaper than the real building 10,000 times.
Security
- Nuclear explosion, epidemic: computer simulation
Projection
- A weather map: The atmospheric model predicts rain tomorrow.
Optimization
- Engine model: re-suspension without manufacture
🔬
Atom
We can't see the eye -- the balloon model.
🌍
Globe
The earth is too big.
🏠
Plan
It's cheaper than construction.
🌪️
Typhoon.
A Dangerous Simulation
✈️
Simulator
Pilot trainer
02
Model classification
Field vs information · 4 types of information models
GEF
PIF
🌳
Model classification tree
MODELS
Field (material)
Information (description)
Note verbales
in the text
♪ Scoreboards
Tables, OBD
:: Reference points
formulas, code
♪ Graphic
diagrams, graphs
globe · mock-up · stocking
description · report · instruction
Time schedule · Price · Log
F=ma · code · x2+1
map · drawing · diagram
♪ One object ♪ multiple models ♪
Earth = globe + map + formula g = GM/r2 + table of coordinates
Field (material)
You can touch it. A copy of the original in a reduced/upgraded form.
Globe
Maneken
Building makeup
Model aircraft
A Bit of an Animal
Information (description)
They describe the object in the language: in words, formulas, drawing, code.
Text-description
Table Mendeleev
Count of roads
The hell with the details.
Formula F=ma
More details on information models
An information model is a description of an object in a language.
Note verbales
- in words (text, oral description)
Signal
- formulas, code, numbers (mathematical formula, program)
Graphic
- image, diagram, graph, diagram
Tables
- Table (List of lessons, primary list)
The same object can be described by different models; for example, the lesson schedule is both a table and a graph and a text.
🗣
Note verbale
"The earth orbits the Sun at an elliptical rate of 30 km/s."
Words · text · speech
📊
Table
Planet
R (million km)
Mercury
57.9
Venus
108.2
Land
149.6
Rows of columns · OBD
📈
Graphic
ICN
SPS
CDS
Maps · graph · maps
✏️
Signal
S
=
π
·
r
²
F = m · a
Formulas · code · numbers
03
Examples of models around us
From the model to the formula — what is the model
🔄
One object, three models
🌍
Land
real object
Graphic
map of peace
Map / Globe
:: Scoreboard
Continental
Area
Asia
44.6 million
Africa
30.4 million
Europe
10.2 million
Data table
:: Reference point
gravity:
F = G·M·m / R²
orbit:
v = √(GM/R)
Formulas
Object
Model
Type
Land
Globe
Field
Land
Map
Information, graphics
Apartment
Plan of the apartment
Information, graphics
Atom
Schematic of balloons and sticks
Field + information
Body movement
F = m·a
Information, Signal
Student
Log entry
Information, table
Solar system
The moving model in the planetarium
Field
Family
Original tree
Information, graphics
Bridge
The engineer's devil
Information, graphics
Weather
Cloud map
Information, graphics
SCALE
The schedule of lessons = table model. The item dependence graph = graphical. Oral report = verbal.
MEDICAL
The virus model is a direct (machine), patient database is a table, distribution formula is a sign.
SORT
Table of results = table. Field diagram = graphical. Impact force formula = marked.
MUSIC
Note entry = mark. The album cover = graphical. Review = verbal. Table of frequencies = table.
04
Model properties
Which distinguishes a good model from a bad one.
✅
4 properties of a good model
🎯
Adequateness
The model correctly reflects the proper properties of the original.
Okay:
The globe shows the shape of the Earth
♪ Bad:
The globe won't show the temperature.
📐
Simplicity
The model is always simpler than the original.
House: 47 walls
→
Plan: 4 walls
🎯
Feasibility
The model is useful for a specific task.
Objective:
Calculate gravity
Needed:
Formula F = G·m1·m2/r2
You don't need:
Globe (no help)
👁
Visibility
The model is clear to someone who works with her.
Look at this:
Schematic of the metro with colour lines
Unexplained:
Text "Station A connected to B"
Example: One object - different models for different tasks
The same aircraft can be described in different ways depending on the purpose:
🎫
Tickets
Table of flights
♪ Where the time, the price
🔧
Engineer
Engine design
Dimensions, tolerances, alloys
🎮
Pilot
Flight Simulator
Physics, control, panel
🌦
Meteorologist
Flow map
Wind, pressure, temperature
🧸
Child
Toy
Form, color, "flying!"
Each model is useful in its task, but it doesn't solve people's problems.
The choice of the model depends on the target.
05
Model classification
Move each example to the right category.
GEF
EGE No. 1
🧩
Drag & Drop: Model Classification
06
Graphical Model Designer
Build a graph or block diagram on the condition of the task
GEF
EGE No. 1
✏️
4 Tasks: graphs and charts
07
Mini-test: 5 questions
XP: 0